kfence: add kfence.fault parameter

Add kfence.fault parameter to control the behavior when a KFENCE error is
detected (similar in spirit to kasan.fault=<mode>).

The supported modes for kfence.fault=<mode> are:

  - report: print the error report and continue (default).
  - oops: print the error report and oops.
  - panic: print the error report and panic.

In particular, the 'oops' mode offers a trade-off between no mitigation
on report and panicking outright (if panic_on_oops is not set).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20260225203639.3159463-1-elver@google.com
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -2959,6 +2959,12 @@ Kernel parameters
 			Format: <bool>
 			Default: CONFIG_KFENCE_DEFERRABLE
 
+	kfence.fault=	[MM,KFENCE] Controls the behavior when a KFENCE
+			error is detected.
+			report - print the error report and continue (default).
+			oops   - print the error report and oops.
+			panic  - print the error report and panic.
+
 	kfence.sample_interval=
 			[MM,KFENCE] KFENCE's sample interval in milliseconds.
 			Format: <unsigned integer>

Documentation/dev-tools/kfence.rst

@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ tables being allocated.
 Error reports
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+The boot parameter ``kfence.fault`` can be used to control the behavior when a
+KFENCE error is detected:
+
+- ``kfence.fault=report``: Print the error report and continue (default).
+- ``kfence.fault=oops``: Print the error report and oops.
+- ``kfence.fault=panic``: Print the error report and panic.
+
 A typical out-of-bounds access looks like this::
 
     ==================================================================

mm/kfence/core.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 
 /* === Data ================================================================= */
 
-static bool kfence_enabled __read_mostly;
+bool kfence_enabled __read_mostly;
 static bool disabled_by_warn __read_mostly;
 
 unsigned long kfence_sample_interval __read_mostly = CONFIG_KFENCE_SAMPLE_INTERVAL;
@@ -336,6 +336,7 @@ out:
 static check_canary_attributes bool check_canary_byte(u8 *addr)
 {
 	struct kfence_metadata *meta;
+	enum kfence_fault fault;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	if (likely(*addr == KFENCE_CANARY_PATTERN_U8(addr)))
@@ -345,8 +346,9 @@ static check_canary_attributes bool check_canary_byte(u8 *addr)
 
 	meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr);
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags);
-	kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, false, NULL, meta, KFENCE_ERROR_CORRUPTION);
+	fault = kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, false, NULL, meta, KFENCE_ERROR_CORRUPTION);
 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+	kfence_handle_fault(fault);
 
 	return false;
 }
@@ -525,11 +527,14 @@ static void kfence_guarded_free(void *addr, struct kfence_metadata *meta, bool z
 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags);
 
 	if (!kfence_obj_allocated(meta) || meta->addr != (unsigned long)addr) {
+		enum kfence_fault fault;
+
 		/* Invalid or double-free, bail out. */
 		atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]);
-		kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, false, NULL, meta,
+		fault = kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, false, NULL, meta,
-				    KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID_FREE);
+					    KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID_FREE);
 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+		kfence_handle_fault(fault);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -831,7 +836,8 @@ static void kfence_check_all_canary(void)
 static int kfence_check_canary_callback(struct notifier_block *nb,
 					unsigned long reason, void *arg)
 {
-	kfence_check_all_canary();
+	if (READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled))
+		kfence_check_all_canary();
 	return NOTIFY_OK;
 }
 
@@ -1266,6 +1272,7 @@ bool kfence_handle_page_fault(unsigned long addr, bool is_write, struct pt_regs
 	struct kfence_metadata *to_report = NULL;
 	unsigned long unprotected_page = 0;
 	enum kfence_error_type error_type;
+	enum kfence_fault fault;
 	unsigned long flags;
 
 	if (!is_kfence_address((void *)addr))
@@ -1324,12 +1331,14 @@ out:
 	if (to_report) {
 		raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&to_report->lock, flags);
 		to_report->unprotected_page = unprotected_page;
-		kfence_report_error(addr, is_write, regs, to_report, error_type);
+		fault = kfence_report_error(addr, is_write, regs, to_report, error_type);
 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&to_report->lock, flags);
 	} else {
 		/* This may be a UAF or OOB access, but we can't be sure. */
-		kfence_report_error(addr, is_write, regs, NULL, KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID);
+		fault = kfence_report_error(addr, is_write, regs, NULL, KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID);
 	}
 
+	kfence_handle_fault(fault);
+
 	return kfence_unprotect(addr); /* Unprotect and let access proceed. */
 }

mm/kfence/kfence.h

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "../slab.h" /* for struct kmem_cache */
 
+extern bool kfence_enabled;
+
 /*
  * Get the canary byte pattern for @addr. Use a pattern that varies based on the
  * lower 3 bits of the address, to detect memory corruptions with higher
@@ -140,8 +142,18 @@ enum kfence_error_type {
 	KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID_FREE,	/* Invalid free. */
 };
 
-void kfence_report_error(unsigned long address, bool is_write, struct pt_regs *regs,
+enum kfence_fault {
-			 const struct kfence_metadata *meta, enum kfence_error_type type);
+	KFENCE_FAULT_NONE,
+	KFENCE_FAULT_REPORT,
+	KFENCE_FAULT_OOPS,
+	KFENCE_FAULT_PANIC,
+};
+
+enum kfence_fault
+kfence_report_error(unsigned long address, bool is_write, struct pt_regs *regs,
+		    const struct kfence_metadata *meta, enum kfence_error_type type);
+
+void kfence_handle_fault(enum kfence_fault fault);
 
 void kfence_print_object(struct seq_file *seq, const struct kfence_metadata *meta) __must_hold(&meta->lock);
 

mm/kfence/report.c

@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
 
 #include <linux/stdarg.h>
 
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
 #include <linux/math.h>
+#include <linux/panic.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
@@ -29,6 +32,26 @@
 #define ARCH_FUNC_PREFIX ""
 #endif
 
+static enum kfence_fault kfence_fault __ro_after_init = KFENCE_FAULT_REPORT;
+
+static int __init early_kfence_fault(char *arg)
+{
+	if (!arg)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "report"))
+		kfence_fault = KFENCE_FAULT_REPORT;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "oops"))
+		kfence_fault = KFENCE_FAULT_OOPS;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "panic"))
+		kfence_fault = KFENCE_FAULT_PANIC;
+	else
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+early_param("kfence.fault", early_kfence_fault);
+
 /* Helper function to either print to a seq_file or to console. */
 __printf(2, 3)
 static void seq_con_printf(struct seq_file *seq, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -189,8 +212,9 @@ static const char *get_access_type(bool is_write)
 	return str_write_read(is_write);
 }
 
-void kfence_report_error(unsigned long address, bool is_write, struct pt_regs *regs,
+enum kfence_fault
-			 const struct kfence_metadata *meta, enum kfence_error_type type)
+kfence_report_error(unsigned long address, bool is_write, struct pt_regs *regs,
+		    const struct kfence_metadata *meta, enum kfence_error_type type)
 {
 	unsigned long stack_entries[KFENCE_STACK_DEPTH] = { 0 };
 	const ptrdiff_t object_index = meta ? meta - kfence_metadata : -1;
@@ -206,7 +230,7 @@ void kfence_report_error(unsigned long address, bool is_write, struct pt_regs *r
 
 	/* Require non-NULL meta, except if KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID. */
 	if (WARN_ON(type != KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID && !meta))
-		return;
+		return KFENCE_FAULT_NONE;
 
 	/*
 	 * Because we may generate reports in printk-unfriendly parts of the
@@ -282,6 +306,25 @@ void kfence_report_error(unsigned long address, bool is_write, struct pt_regs *r
 
 	/* We encountered a memory safety error, taint the kernel! */
 	add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK);
+
+	return kfence_fault;
+}
+
+void kfence_handle_fault(enum kfence_fault fault)
+{
+	switch (fault) {
+	case KFENCE_FAULT_NONE:
+	case KFENCE_FAULT_REPORT:
+		break;
+	case KFENCE_FAULT_OOPS:
+		BUG();
+		break;
+	case KFENCE_FAULT_PANIC:
+		/* Disable KFENCE to avoid recursion if check_on_panic is set. */
+		WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, false);
+		panic("kfence.fault=panic set ...\n");
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK